Saturday, April 27, 2013

How can I get enough experience for my Linux + certification?

Q. I've been worrying about this for a while. I've been studying what I need to know to get my Linux + certification, and in order to take the cert exam I need to have 6-12 months of Linux network administration, but I don't know who would hire an uncertified network administrator.
Any ideas?

A. You don't need any experience to take the exam, at least not from CompTIA, I took it straight out of college and had only started using Linux.

The *+ exams are actually only certifying that you have the knowledge of being an administrator for 6months to 1 year.

What's the most respectable Linux System Administration Certification?
Q. Hi,
Planning to get a Linux certification as a System Administrator, but unsure which one is preferred and most useful to employers....any idea?

A. Hi

LPIC is not that much respected certification.

If you want to be a System Administrator, start with RHCSA , RHCE as those are respectable.

If you manage to complete it, than you can opt for RHCSS or further certification, but for those RHCE is the must.

what are my chances to become a Linux System Administrator at 48?
Q. I am trying to change career(unemployed) and I am a newbie in technology except that I did some html & CSS. I wonder if I study Linux for a year & maybe pass a linux+ certification I will be able to get an entry level position? Is it too old at 48 to try? Or maybe should I focus on something like PHP/Mysql? I am trying to decide what would be the easy road and the rewarding one as well. Thanks.

A. With RHCE, you are never too old.



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What art programs can you use on an Android Tablet?

Q. I just got an android tablet and wanted to start doing a little more art like drawing and stuff and was wondering if I could download something like GIMP,PSE, ect.

A. You cant use GIMP and Photoshop Elements in Android tablets. You can only use them on Macs, Windows, and (for GIMP only) on Linux operating systems.

are tablet laptops good for graphic design students?
Q. I use photoshop a lot. Im going to college in a few months and though about getting a macbook pro, but than I came across the tablet laptops.
Would it be better to get one of those or a mac?
And also, would a table laptop run a game like WoW for when I have some free time?

A. Check up on what your school recommends. Some tracks are platform agnostic and some recommend specific things. A tablet laptop would be fine, but they're spendier and can be cumbersome. Try one out at a store before buying.

And Carling, you honestly think that Linux is a good choice for graphic design?? Yeah, come back when either the Adobe Creative Suite runs flawlessly in Linux or the world switches to GIMP. Until then, enough of your incessant rabid open-source fanboyism.

Can you call a cell phone or land line with the nokia N800 Internet tablet?
Q. Can you call a cell phone or landline with the nokia internet tablet , know it is not a cell phone but it has voip and since it could do online video calling i was wondering could it call a regular phone too.
If so how do you do it and is it posssably free?

A. Since the N800 basically runs Linux with XWindows, you can run Linux applications on it. While I don't have an N800 myself, according to Wikipedia, Gizmo Project and Skype both run on the N800. Skype has the Skype Pro calling plan which costs $3/mo and allows unlimited calls to the US and Canada (provided you're in the US or Canada, determined by IP address), or unlimited calls to the country you're in plus a connect surcharge. You could also subscribe to a pay per use plan. Gizmo Project is similar, except you can sign up with Grand Central and this will give you a free US phone number and free unlimited incoming calls. Also with SIP Broker, there are local telephone gateways that will allow people around the world to call you (as a free Gizmo Project user) as a local call at no charge to you. Gizmo will call out too for similar pay per use prices as Skype, definitely much cheaper than any landline or cell. With either Skype or Gizmo, you can call toll free numbers for free. If you're in the US, you can call 1-800-GOOG-411 or 1-800-CALL-411 and have those free services look up the phone number you want to call and it will connect your call for free so in essence you can have free, nothing per month outgoing and incoming calls to/from the US.



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What is the smallest Linux distribution compatible with the PS3?

Q. I would like to install Linux on my PS3 but I have a satellite internet connection. This means that I can only download small files(or iso's). Like under 500mb. Are there any free iso linux files I can get for ps3 under 500mb?

A. I think yellow dog linux is the smallest compatible with ps3 not positive

How do i run installed programs on linux debian and how to install a gui without internet?
Q. Am new to linux and i dont have any gui installed. I would like 2 know which website 2 go 2, 2 download the gui and how do i install it after downloading. And how do i run installed programs such as python?

A. I'm a Linux n00b too, and I've gotten help at the majorgeeks.com forums.

http://www.majorgeeks.com/

> Linux support forum @ majorgeeks: http://forums.majorgeeks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=50

Whats the difference between Linux and Windows?
Q. Whats the difference between Linux and Windows?
Would you highly reccomend Linux?
What are some of the features?

A. 1: Full access vs. no accessHaving access to the source code is probably the single most significant difference between Linux and Windows. The fact that Linux belongs to the GNU Public License ensures that users (of all sorts) can access (and alter) the code to the very kernel that serves as the foundation of the Linux operating system. You want to peer at the Windows code? Good luck. Unless you are a member of a very select (and elite, to many) group, you will never lay eyes on code making up the Windows operating system.

#2: Licensing freedom vs. licensing restrictionsAlong with access comes the difference between the licenses. Iâm sure that every IT professional could go on and on about licensing of PC software. But letâs just look at the key aspect of the licenses (without getting into legalese). With a Linux GPL-licensed operating system, you are free to modify that software and use and even republish or sell it (so long as you make the code available). Also, with the GPL, you can download a single copy of a Linux distribution (or application) and install it on as many machines as you like. With the Microsoft license, you can do none of the above. You are bound to the number of licenses you purchase, so if you purchase 10 licenses, you can legally install that operating system (or application) on only 10 machines.

#3: Online peer support vs. paid help-desk supportThis is one issue where most companies turn their backs on Linux. But itâs really not necessary. With Linux, you have the support of a huge community via forums, online search, and plenty of dedicated Web sites. And of course, if you feel the need, you can purchase support contracts from some of the bigger Linux companies (Red Hat and Novell for instance).

However, when you use the peer support inherent in Linux, you do fall prey to time.
On the other side of the coin is support for Windows.

#4: Full vs. partial hardware supportOne issue that is slowly becoming nonexistent is hardware support. Years ago, if you wanted to install Linux on a machine you had to make sure you hand-picked each piece of hardware or your installation would not work 100 percent. I can remember, back in 1997-ish, trying to figure out why I couldnât get Caldera Linux or Red Hat Linux to see my modem. After much looking around, I found I was the proud owner of a Winmodem. So I had to go out and purchase a US Robotics external modem because that was the one modem I knew would work. This is not so much the case now. You can grab a PC (or laptop) and most likely get one or more Linux distributions to install and work nearly 100 percent. But there are still some exceptions. For instance, hibernate/suspend remains a problem with many laptops, although it has come a long way.

With Windows, you know that most every piece of hardware will work with the operating system. Of course, there are times (and I have experienced this over and over) when you will wind up spending much of the day searching for the correct drivers for that piece of hardware you no longer have the install disk for. But you can go out and buy that 10-cent Ethernet card and know itâll work on your machine (so long as you have, or can find, the drivers). You also can rest assured that when you purchase that insanely powerful graphics card, you will probably be able to take full advantage of its power.

#5: Command line vs. no command lineNo matter how far the Linux operating system has come and how amazing the desktop environment becomes, the command line will always be an invaluable tool for administration purposes. Nothing will ever replace my favorite text-based editor, ssh, and any given command-line tool. I canât imagine administering a Linux machine without the command line. But for the end user â not so much. You could use a Linux machine for years and never touch the command line. Same with Windows. You can still use the command line with Windows, but not nearly to the extent as with Linux. And Microsoft tends to obfuscate the command prompt from users. Without going to Run and entering cmd (or command, or whichever it is these days), the user wonât even know the command-line tool exists. And if a user does get the Windows command line up and running, how useful is it really?

#6: Centralized vs. noncentralized application installationThe heading for this point might have thrown you for a loop. But letâs think about this for a second. With Linux you have (with nearly every distribution) a centralized location where you can search for, add, or remove software. Iâm talking about package management systems, such as Synaptic. With Synaptic, you can open up one tool, search for an application (or group of applications), and install that application without having to do any Web searching (or purchasing).

Windows has nothing like this. With Windows, you must know where to find the software you want to install, download the software (or put the CD into your machine), and run setup.exe o



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What operating systems are compatible with tablet pcs?

Q. I'm looking to buy a tablet pc on ebay and figure that after i can upgrade the os. I just don't know which ones will be compatible with it.

A. The only OS's that have the complete TabletPC functionality built-in are WinXP Pro Tablet Edition and Vista. And even with these you generally have to have the proper restore disks to prevent digging around the 'net for some device drivers.

There are TabletPC's running Mac OS and Linux, but there is no "package" that loads what you need, You would have to find all the Tablet screen and pen device drivers, all the handwriting recognition software, all the internal server apps, etc yourself to "build" the TPC system.

Vista is a great OS for TPC's, but upgrading to Vista can be problematic as many machines designed to originally run XP won't have the hardware specs to run Vista well. Maxxing out your RAM will help but most TPC's do not have upgradeable video cards.

You'll probably be Ok with anything current from the last 3 - 4 years provided you don't want to run Aero effects, etc in Vista.

Whats are some differences between a laptop and a tablet?
Q. I know that a tablet is touch screen when you swivel it over, but are there any other differences? I want to know because the price difference is a lot.

A. The biggest differences between a laptop and tablet systems is that usually laptops have better speed CPU's and larger Hard drives. Now some tablet system run Window based software and others don't and you can even get a laptop with Linux.

I believe that Laptops are better designed then tablets in terms of handling you dropping them plus the usage. Because tablets for the most part touch and tap controlled you will see damage to the screen area much faster then a laptop. I think you have more flexibility with laptops as well since you add accessories much easier and software which some tablets won't run well you can use them for more things where tablets are designed more for kind of reading.

If you want to rotate your screen just buy a monitor that will allow that option which some laptops have on them.

That's some of the reason I like, hope that helps you out.

How do i use a kindle fire as a computer tablet?
Q. AI have a kindle fire 2. I am in drawing and stuff, but i really need a tablet. SO i asked one of my friends if a kindle fire can be used for a computer tablet. she said yes. I can't find anywhere with that kind of information. I need help.

A. A kindle fire uses type of linux like an android operating system. You can buy applications from Amazon and they run just like apps on a tablet. Just look for them on the kindle store.



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how can i install itunes on my linux laptop?

Q. i have a linux laptop and i want to put itunes on it i have tried downloading it but when ever i click on it the internet comes up with lots of taps any help?

A. Take a look at these open source options

Rhythmbox
http://projects.gnome.org/rhythmbox/

gtkpod (good for syncing)
http://www.gtkpod.org/about.html

Songbird
http://www.getsongbird.com/

aTunes
http://www.atunes.org/


LUg.

How do I swith operating systems on my laptop?
Q. My friend gave me an Ubuntu/Linux laptop but on the side of it it says Windows Vista. Does that mean It used to be Windows and if so how can I change it back. Please help, I really hate using Linux, it's a piece of trash.

A. Linux is great if you know what you are doing, and it isn't hard to figure out. If you must, though, then there are two possibilities for getting Windows back on it.

1. Ask if it is dual partitioned. If it is, then when you turn it on, when it is still in the BIOS it will give you an option briefly for which system to load. Select Windows and you will load up no problem.

2. If it not dual partitioned you will have to use a Windows OS disk. Those can be about $100+ unless your friend has one.

If you don't like Ubuntu you can try Linux Mint or some other nice operating system for free. Different versions of Linux run different and you might like another version better. You could also Google "free non linux OS" or something of the sort.


If you post your main problem with Ubuntu under additional details, I will recommend something further.

How do I switch my Chromebook back to Linux OS?
Q. I recently bought a Acer C7 Chromebook. The only downfall I could see was that it ran on Chrome OS but I had found I could get ChrUbuntu on it and it would run as a fully functional linux laptop. I did this and it worked but since the Chrome OS still lives on in its own dedicated partition it automatically booted into the Chrome OS when I restarted the computer. I would like to know how to run it back in ChrUbuntu. I know it's still on my computer but I don't know how to boot back into it. Thanks in advance!

A. delete the chrome os & reinstall the chrubintu os



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How do I install the Linux to my computer?

Q. I had download the Fedora Linux with ISO extension. How do I install the Linux to my computer another hard disk partition. Can anyone shows me the way?

A. Yep - follow any of the online guides. But first things first, you need to burn the ISO image(s) to CD/DVD using a program like ImgBurn, then reboot with the disk in your drive.

How can i make my Flash drive bootable?
Q. I have a USB 2.0 Flash drive with the Damn Small Linux ISO file on it, how can i make it so that my computer boots from my flash drive and then run linux?

A. To install it on a USB drive they have some very nice directions here:
http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/wiki/index.php/Installing_to_a_USB_Flash_Drive
http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/wiki/index.php/FAQ#How_Do_I_Install_to_a_USB_Pendrive.3F

But, you also have to turn on your computer's BIOS option for booting from USB devices, if your computers BIOS does not have this option you will not be able to boot that computer from a USB drive.

They also sell preinstalled USB drives:
http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/usb.html

Can the PSP be used as a bootable flash drive?
Q. Im curious if the PSP can be used to boot an OS. Like, for example, booting a Linux ISO the way a regular flash drive could.

A. hmm nice question... worth a try but imo it wont work.



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How Do I Get Music On My Ipod On A Linux Laptop?

Q. I Need to get music on my ipod but i have a linux laptop, will itunes work or is ther another one i could use

A. You could try running iTunes through Wine, OR you could get software like Yamipod to do it.

It may require setting your iPod up as a flash drive beforehand though.

How do I convert my musical technology on my laptop into hardware?
Q. I have a linux laptop with synthesizers, loopers, etc. The laptop is a pain in the ass and 70% of the time I spend with it is troubleshooting. I was wondering if anybody has or had a setup with a looper, synthesiser, and drum machine that is all hardware. I also need to know where to find these. I am also not quite sure about something else: Would a midi keyboard work with a hardware synthesiser and looper. Much appreciation if this question is answered.

A. There are several stand-alone sequencers like the Yamaha QY series. Also, several beat boxes like Korg's Electribe series will output midi data which allows them to be used as both a source of sounds and a sequencer for other drum machines.

I too do not like using laptops live (although I have.) Too many thing to go wrong. If you do end up using a laptop, keep it simple with only a midi sequencer running (like Cakewalk, Cubase, Sonar, etc.) Once you get softsynths running, you're maximizing CPU and memeory resources and running the risk of a crash.

As far as loopers, there are several stand-alone models like the Boss LoopStation. Synthesizer workstation like the Roland Fantom or Yamaha Motif will also play loops, although those types of keyboards are very expensive.

Good Luck!

how can i install itunes on my linux laptop?
Q. i have a linux laptop and i want to put itunes on it i have tried downloading it but when ever i click on it the internet comes up with lots of taps any help?

A. Take a look at these open source options

Rhythmbox
http://projects.gnome.org/rhythmbox/

gtkpod (good for syncing)
http://www.gtkpod.org/about.html

Songbird
http://www.getsongbird.com/

aTunes
http://www.atunes.org/


LUg.



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What is the most basic linux operating system?

Q. What linux distro is the most basic?

I am looking for an operating system that includes:

-command line
-no splash screen when booted
-nothing else.

A. There's no one answer to this question. There are many small Linux distributions. Take your pick.

There's one called Tiny Linux which is pretty small (~7mb).
http://tinylinux.sourceforge.net/
SmallLinux may fit your bill.
http://sourceforge.net/projects/smalllinux/
MuLinux is a minimal distro. It fits on a floppy (1.44mb). Desktop is optional.
http://mulinux.dotsrc.org/
Here's a few lists of other distros that may be what you want. Most of them fit on a floppy disk.
http://www.linuxlinks.com/Distributions/Floppy/
http://computerstuff.jdarx.info/content/floppycd-linux-distributions

If you really want something smaller than that you can make your own distro. But I can't tell you how to do that.

Generally, what are the most commonly used programming languages?
Q. I know my way around Python and Visual Basic. That's about it. I also know some about the Linux command line, especially in Ubuntu context.

Can anyone help me to determine, what are the next several languages I should concern myself with studying?

A. It really shouldn't matter what languages you learn. What's really important is that you learn the patterns and data structures that span all languages. Once you do this, you'll pick up any language in about a couple weeks with no problem. As far as resume building is concerned, I would feel completely confident in landing a development job anywhere with C/C++ skills and a web job with PHP/SQL skills. Generally, C++ is so versatile because you don't have to rely on the underlying runtime frameworks (JRE for java, and .NET for VB/C#) that many companies try to avoid.

Saying that, Java is also a good one to dabble in if you haven't already, though I would not steer too clear of learning how do deal with memory in C/C++.

It's good you know Python, though you'll definitely need a more powerful language if your going to be serious about a career in software.

Get to know how to build makefiles and construct classes and such in C++ on ubuntu. Get to know how to do everything with a command prompt and vi. Once you understand all of this, you become much more powerful as a developer in general.

What is the best linux distribution for learning to use many?
Q. First, a bit about my background.. I currently work as a Network Engineer, mainly with Cisco routers/switches and VPN devices. I am throughly familiar with Windows, both as a workstation and server, and have one more test to go to complete my MCSE. However, I have no real experience with Linux, and feel like this is both a hole in my personal knowledge and in my resume. :) I can do basic user stuff both from a command line and in Xwindows, but have no real command of it.

That said, I intend to rectify this. I want to start using Linux as my primary operating system on my personal PC, as I feel this is a great first step to really force myself to learn it. I need to know what distribution would be best for me to use. My concern is some of them seem to have alot of propriatary tools that are not found in other linux distros, I want to find one to learn on that will best allow me to be comfortable on any linux distro I run into in the future. Thanks much for your advice!

A. Linux truly is a wonderful operating system! If I'm using a PC, I greatly prefer using it to Windows. It's much more stable, secure, etc. But you already knew that. =]

Personally, I would suggest you start out with OpenSuSE. It's easy to use, yet it is very powerful. Its installer is also pretty easy. I recommend that because a lot of businesses that run Linux on their client systems use SuSE (the only difference between that and OpenSuSE is that SuSE contains closed-source programs; therefore, you have to pay for that distro).

I hope this helps! Good luck!



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How do I establish a linux operatings system that would be similar to windows?

Q. Linux is free right. So if I have to buy a new hardrive, I won't need windows which is expensive. But how do I know which I should use. There seems to be many different linux operating system.

A. There are many flavours so you need to decide what you want to do with it (use it as a server, as a desktop etc). There are distributions who offer Live CD's. You boot up from a Live CD and are able to test that particular distribution without actually having to install it until you decide it's good for you.

Search on the net for tips about choosing a linux distribution.
http://wiki.linuxquestions.org/wiki/Choosing_a_Linux_distribution

Ubuntu should be good for a beginner.

How can I start Linux and what distribution do you think I should use?
Q. I want to use Linux because I have heard that it is significantly better than IE. My entire family is technologically inept and we only have one computer. How do you think I should start and what distribution do you recommend for a beginner who plans on programming and the like?Any helpful suggestions will be appreciated.

A. I thoroughly recommend two Linux distros.

Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is based upon Ubuntu 10.04

Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE) which is based upon Debian Lenny/Squeeze

Both are easy to install and use plus they come with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint Debian Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=66

Linux Mint 9/Debian User Guide pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php
http://linuxmint.com/rel_debian.php

HowTo install Nvidia Graphics Drivers on Debian
http://wiki.debian.org/NvidiaGraphicsDrivers#Installapre-builtmodule

Alternatively install Linux Mint as a dual-boot with Windows using mint4win without partitioning mint4win works the same as Wubi as described below (not available on Linux Mint Debian)
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/wubi

You keep Windows as it is, mint4win only adds an extra option to boot into Linux Mint. mint4win does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.

mint4win keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Boot in to windows insert the Linux Mint LiveCD and you will offered the option of installing inside windows which is where the mint4win installer comes in, you will be asked how many gigabytes you wish to allocate to Linux Mint (I recommend 8gb) then you set a password for your installation then click install and thats it.

Once Linux Mint is fully installed upon starting your PC you will be given a choice of which operating system you want to use Windows or Linux Mint

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 or Linux Mint Debian then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD/DVD for installation

Linux Mint 9 and Linux Mint Debian can also be run direct from the LiveCD/DVD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive




LUg.

How can I remove Linux from my computer and restore the partition space to windows?
Q. I have both Linux Mint 11 and windows 7 on my computer and I no longer want it on my computer so... ya, pretty much says it all in the title.

A. (NOTE: A page titled "How to uninstall Fedora" was added to the project wiki after this blog was published, as noted in the comment section below in a post titled "Contribution is easy.")

Try "remove Fedora."

Nothing.

Go to Ubuntu's official documentation site and search for "uninstall Ubuntu."

You won't find anything in the "official" documentation but in the "community" section you find two entries that state "Wubi allows you to install and uninstall Ubuntu...."

In an installed Ubuntu distribution, clicking on Help and searching for uninstalling or removing Ubuntu finds nothing. A link ârepeat the search online at the Ubuntu help pagesâ brings up a 404 â page not found.

If you look hard enough on the real community support pages you'll find a post from July 2007 titled "HowTo: Remove Ubuntu (& Restore Windows)" .

Have a cow
The post starts out: "Okay, I know some people are going to have a cow because I'm posting this."

(No kidding. Just take a look at the excoriating flames that are sure to appear in the comments section of this blog.)

OpenSUSE does better. A search there finds the page titled SDB:How to Uninstall Linux from December 2006. The page includes more than 1,300 words to describe various processes.

Go to Google and search "install Linux" and you get about 1,450,000 hits. Try "uninstall Linux" and you get about 16,800. "Remove Linux" gets you about 53,300.

Why is it so hard to find instructions to remove Linux and then so hard to actually do it?

Why can't you just easily find the uninstall procedure in a help file, and click a button and follow the instructions?

Windows makes it easy
Opening the Windows XP Help and Support Center and searching for "uninstall Windows" brings up, first thing, "Uninstall Windows XP" and a 5-step process from the Control Center.

Did you know that in a dual-boot install Linux will partition your hard disk and if you remove the partitions without restoring the Master Boot Record on your boot-up disk, your computer won't start?

Did you know you'll likely need separate applications such as fixmbr or fdisk or partitioning software to get your system back the way it was, hopefully having not lost any data? Or you may need to change a BIOS setting to boot to a Windows CD and use its "Recovery Console?" These all depend on your version of Linux. Again, openSUSE seems to do the best job in automating the process, with the "YaST2 Control Center."

Oh, and if that dual installation included Windows, and partitions were resized, "Microsoft does not support Windows installed on partitions manipulated in this manner."

So it's just you and that Linux documentation. Good luck.

Now, I don't have any great love for Windows and I like Linux. I really do. I'm going to use it and learn a lot more about it.

But if you're a newbie like me, you'd best be warned. Searching various Linux forums finds a lot of users who have had problems uninstalling the OS and have lost data in the process.

Go back to Windoze? You're stupid
And while there are some helpful Linux aficionados who try to help these people out -- and others searching for uninstall help -- there are too many posters who take the attitude along the lines of: "Why would you want to uninstall Linux? That's crazy. You must be stupid to want to go back to Windoze."

If you want to try Linux out while keeping Windows, it's a real good idea to try it from a "live" Linux CD/DVD instead of installing it on a hard disk. Iâve tried several. The response is slower, of course, but you get an idea of how it works and donât risk losing anything. For Ubuntu the Wubi installer accomplishes the same thing by treating Ubuntu as a Windows application.

Do your homework
If you do install Linux on a disk, make sure you do a full system backup. And make sure you have a bootable "rescue" or "system" CD. And really do your homework. Read up on disk partitioning and logical volumes and extended partitions and mounts; and GRUB and LILO bootloaders; and NTFS, FAT 32 and ext3 file systems; and gparted and maybe the commercial app Partition Magic -- which supposedly merges/resizes partitions without destroying data -- and so on.

Then read it all again. And be careful our there.



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What is the difference between GNU and GUI?

Q. I have no clue what GNU is but I know gui is Graphic User Interface. GUI is in like mac windows while GNU is in linux/ubuntu, basically any unix system.

A. GNU is the name of software or software collections release by the Free Software Foundation. Originally a recursive acromyn (hackers are quite fond of recursive acronyms) that means GNU is Not Unix.

GNU's GUI is GNOME (GNu Object Model Enviroment), other GUI's for linux are KDE, or XFCE and are not GNU.

GNU really underlies the core system, the compiler, utilities, and many of the tools.

How to get into cgi and movie production with CGI?
Q. I currently study IT at college, and pretty much set to go to UNI in 2 years.
I'm wondering what i can study at UNI to get myself into cgi and what other things I could also study.
I want to do a foundation diploma in graphics before i go to UNI so im just wondering if that will help too.
I really need some pointers on where to go and what im expected to do before uni etc.

Any help is wonderful

Cheers.

A. Definitely graphics will help but most of the people I know who are in animation and movies actually have more of a fine arts background. They don't even often have degrees in it but at least they've been through a two year foundation program at one or another school. The one exception is purely IT: he got his job because he knows Linux (and UNIX which he often prefers). He handles networking and troubleshooting render farms. Not the creative stuff. Really, to work in Movie production you will find you are competing with LOT of top-ranked people and you will need to know whatever you know thoroughly. Most CGI that gets done these days uses the Renderman Graphic description standards.

Going to school for Computer Information Systems and interested in Security?
Q. I'm currently in the middle of getting my degree at a 2 year community college, my major is Computer Information Systems specializing in IT Support, then transferring to a four year after to continue studies. Iv'e always been interested in Security but unsure of where to start learning about it. A few people have suggested tutorials with Linux Backtrack but I was just curious if anyone could point me in the right direction to learn more about security and working on getting certifications to help stand out when applying for jobs down the road?

A. Hi Alec,

Security is a great area of IT to study. Here is what I would suggest as starting point:
I would first complete the 2 year diploma which you are currently working on before making any significant specializations into IT security. Many people rush into wanting to get on the security side of computing and IT but do not have the basic knowledge to start with. Dependant on what type of security you are looking into I would make sure that you have a thorough understanding of the topics that interest you first.

Then I would start by studying for an IT certification in the Security sector such as the CompTIA Security+ - If you are attending a polytechnic institution then your school may have courses specifically designed to prepare for such certifications. Then you could move onto higher level credentials such as the CEH, CISSP and SSCP. CompTIA certifications are quite common and widely recognized by employers. The CISSP and SSCP are a bit more difficult and require some additional work experience in information security but are very valuable at a later point in time.

My advice to you would be to focus on your university education right now which is invaluable knowledge and provides a well rounded approach. Certifications are great but they do not replace a formal academic education so you are definitely on the right track. I would also take advantage of any security related courses that your school offers. And as mentioned above before you start moving directly into the security side of things I would gain a thorough understanding of the fundamentals such networking, programming the Linux operating system and client/server relationships. Once you have built a strong technical foundation then adding security specialization will not seem like much. Linux and Backtrack tutorials are great, but as mentioned, simply memorizing commands and following tutorials is not as beneficial as actually understanding what you are doing. Security and computer problems in general are presented in so many different ways in the real world so having a the basics down and understanding what is happening first can really help in giving you the ability to tackle any problem that comes your way.

I hope this was able to help and wish you all the best with your studies.

Regards,
Max



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Whats is the best linux distro for a win98?

Q. Whats is the best linux distro for a win98? I know about Xubuntu, Fluxbuntu, DSL, Puppy linux but what is the most efficient distro for an old win 98 that will run at a good speed with lots of useful programs installed?

A. older distros if you could find them mandrake 9.0 older ubuntus, and stuff like that if your box wont support modern distros
as far as live cds I love old knoppix 3.3

What is the best linux distro for web development?
Q. Hi, i'm beginning to use linux and was just wondering what the best linux distro for web developing is.

A. Technically there is no distro specifically designed for web development. You could pick whatever distribution you are comfortable with and then just download the tools used for web development to that Distro. That's one of the best things I like about Linux is its power and its ability to be customized. It really comes down to personal preference.

What was the linux distro that specialized in gaming/geared towards gamers?
Q. I cannot remember what the distro was called, i read about on digg during the past year but cannot find anything about it. If someone knows of the linux distro for gaming please tell me, otherwise just list the distros which best support gaming. One of my friends asked about it and I said I'd find it for him.

A. You might be thinking of Games Knoppix, which is a variant of Knoppix. Here's a URL if you want to check:
http://www.games-knoppix.org/

Otherwise, I'd recommend you simply install one of the Debian Linux distros, such as Knoppix or Ubuntu and then just look on the Debian web site for the lists of packages and look under games. You could then install the ones you wanted to look at. Good luck.



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How to install linux fedora on a i586 system?

Q. How do I install linux fedora onto an i586 system? I tried the installation guide page, and the live cd mode is not compatible....and to do a classical install for this kernel, but my question is: WHAT is a classical install? Thanks!

10 points for best answer!

A. Don't use the live CD method. Burn the cd set from one of the spins or use the network cd method.
You will need to find a server with the distribution tree for the release you chose.

Try the fedora forums for help first.

How do install mpeg decoders and flash for linux fedora 10?
Q. I am completely new to linux fedora and linux for that matter. I am running fedora from a live usb until i get these issues fixed. I apparently need to install mpeg decoders, xvid decoders, avi decoders and a flash player. Being a complete noob to linux I don't know how to go about this.

A. It looks like the decoders are not patent free and fedora will not include them. Other linux distros do allow a user to install them if they wish at their own risk.
The second link has instructions for flash.
You should search the fedora foum for more info on the codecs.
Good luck

How to install linux fedora on a i586 system?
Q. How do I install linux fedora onto an i586 system? I tried the installation guide page, and the live cd mode is not compatible....and to do a classical install for this kernel, but my question is: WHAT is a classical install? Thanks!

10 points for best answer!

A. The live CD won't work, it assumes i686. You'll have to use the non live installer. Also a i586 system probably isn't powerful enough for the dynamic file system in RAM anyways.

Last I checked Fedora still did i586 kernel builds.

I recall an installer parameter, that you can boot it "linux i586" to force that architecture.

I do have a i586 system running CentOS 4, a rebuild of Fedora's commercial cousin, RHEL.



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How do I run a web browser from linux command line?

Q. I an VERY new to linux. I have installed Fedora 5 in text mode. I have a Linux book and am trying to slowly learn linux. So from the console, or command line, how do I run a web browser. Also how do I run the X Windows System?

A. If you installed in text mode, maybe you didn't install X. You probably have a text mode browser. Try lynx or elinks. If the startx command doesn't work, try "yum install x-window-system". By the way, Fedora 5 is old. The current version of Fedora is 9.

How can I set folder permissions in linux in such a way that users can create files/folders, but not delete?
Q. I have made a folder on my linux server, which needs to function as some sort of "deposit box".

Users should be able to create files & folders, but not delete them after they have been created.
Is that possible from a linux command line?

A. You'd probably have to mess with umask and chmod.
umask [-p] [-S] [mode]
The user file-creation mask is set to mode. If mode begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by chmod(1). If mode is omitted, the current value of the mask is printed. The -S option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -p option is supplied, and mode is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode was successfully changed or if no mode argument was supplied, and false otherwise.

What wireless internet cards work right out of the box for the linux ubuntu operating system, i need to buy on
Q. What wireless internet cards work right out of the box for the linux ubuntu operating system, i need to buy one but I have no clue about any of the linux command lines or anything. I also have a zyxel g router

A. I have a Dell desktop with a LinkSys WMP54GS wireless card. After installing Ubuntu the wireless card was automatically recognized.



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Are there any linux os that will run on an old laptop with a Linksys wireless card?

Q. I have a few Linux OS i have tried out and none of them worked with a Linksys wifi card. Can a Linksys wireless card work with Linux or is there another OS that will work with it and work on an old computer?
I am running on a very slow and old laptop Pentium 3 with original windows 98 installed on it.

A. Find what model card you have and see if it is supported, ie google ubuntu + card model. It may simply be a matter of installing the appropriate driver from the repository.

An alternative is to install ndiswrapper, if it isn't already installed, and use the .inf file from the XP drivers for the card, which you can download from the manufacturers website.

If the machine doesn't have at least 256 meg of ram then it won't be capable of web surfing.

The lightest full system to use would be puppy. Xpud is also worth a try, it is basically just a browser and a file manager. The best choice for a polished, configurable system would be lubuntu (ubuntu with the lxde desktop).

Cheers!

What Linux os is the best one to install on a computer?
Q. For people wanting to download media files on? And are all Linux os's free or atleast the good ones? Is there any point of me putting linux on my d drive so I can switch back and fourth from windows 7 to Linux?

A. Most Linux distributions aimed at home/office users are free.
There is no "best". This test will help you decide: http://www.zegeniestudios.net/ldc/
As you are probably a new linux user, I would recommend ubuntu or openSUSE. It can install and configure the GRUB loader for you, which is what you need to dual-boot windows and linux, and yes, you should definitely keep your windows installation.

BTW, All distros are able to download media files, most of them able to play them straight away (I would say all, but then there is Arch and Ubuntu Server ;)).

There's really no reason to think of which distro to choose for too much, most are quite similar. The only major differences between distros are the package managing systems and the pre-installed packages. Anotherdifference is, for example, that in Ubuntu, unlike Debian, you can not su root (=login as superuser) by default. (TTheoreticallyyou can make Debian look and behave exactly like Ubuntu with some configuration work, though.)

How do I install Windows on a Linux OS?
Q. I have the linux os and need windows to run a certain application. I've heard there's a way to have both operating systems simultaneously. How do you put windows on? I'd prefer to have both if possible.

A. This link explains how to set up a dual boot (have both linux and windows on the same computer). You will have to reinstall the linux bootloader after installing windows because the windows bootloader does not recognize linux.
Good luck



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What is a good free Linux antivirus?

Q. I realize that Linux doesn't need antiviruses, but I want one just to be safe. What are some good, free Linux antiviruses?

A. Linux antivirus programs are mostly run on servers that are doing things like passing mail through; in other words, they're checking for Windows viruses before sending things downstream. You don't sound like you're in this situation.

Ignore the people saying to use Windows or to get an antivirus anyway; they're idiots. The best way to avoid getting a virus is to not use root privileges all willy-nilly. Don't run things with sudo or enter your password at a graphical prompt unless you know exactly why you're doing it, and preferably only install software through your package manager. It's nigh-impossible to get affected this way, and is much better protection than any antivirus could ever be.

Will a Linux operating system be difficult for somebody who used only Windows all life?
Q. Today I decided that I am officially tired with Windows and want to install Linux on my laptop. I read on a website all the pro and cons of each operating system ( Windows, OS, Linux) and discovered that Linux is the only one who had the pro list longer than the cons list. ( windows too vulnerable and Macs too pricey). In any case,in the Linux cons list it said that Linux should only be used by experienced computer users. I know my way around a computer but I cannot call myself and expert. Would it be difficult to transition from Windows to Linux if I am not a computer expert?

A. Welcome to the would of Linux based OSs!!

At one point or another most Linux users made that switch, and it can be difficult IF you try to use Linux (remember Linux is the kernel not the OS) like you use Windows. There is a learning curve that you must overcome. Things are just different, but not difficult. Years ago it was harder, but now, there are many distros (distributions) tailored to new users.

Since you already know the pros and cons, there is no need to discuss them. But when you start using Linux based OSs, you WILL be in "windows mode". This just takes time to overcome. Most people that tried Linux and said it was to hard, did not give themselves enough time to get out of "winblos mode".

When you install a Linux distro, you do not need antivirus, antimalware, firewalls, you do not need to defrag. You can install them if you like, but there is no real need unless it makes you feel better. If you stick to the repos (repositories - just to make it easier to explain - you can think of it like an app store that you use on your phone) you will be safe from malware.

Now the hardest part, at least for me, is to choose which distro. Go to distrowatch.com for info on hundreds of different distros.

Most distros are based on a few main distros. Here is an image to give you an idea how many forked from other distros:
http://files.cyberciti.biz/uploads/tips/2007/06/44218-linuxdistrotimeline-7.2.png

When I made the switch from winblows to Linux, here was my criteria:
1. made for beginners - you will have many problems if you jump to a distro made for experts
2. it must be a popular distro - the more people using it, the more help you will receive. you can ask on YA, in a linux forum, or people you know.
3 must look decent. I just don't like an ugly desktop.

Also, you can take almost any distro and add different desktop environments. You can think of the DE as the user interface. You can take Ubuntu, that ships with the Unity DE, and ad another, say KDE. But they do have this already, and called Kubuntu.

You can take Mint (which I recommend for new users) which you can choose form Cinnamon, GNOME, KDE, MATE, Xfce desktops. Or you can add others. Here is a gallery of some of the DEs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment#Gallery

So I would suggest to get an 8 or larger USB flash drive (or what ever you have) and use a program called YUMI to install as many different distros on that drive as it can hold. You choose which distro to boot into on start up. This way you can try out many different distros.

Also try out many of the different DEs. There is no way to know which one is right for you. since they are personal choice. I recommend the KDE since you are coming from winblows. It is pretty and (to me) easier to use. So I recommend Mint with KDE.

There are other made for beginners. If you decide to use Ubuntu make sure that you have a wired internet connection when you install. Ubuntu does not use closed source or proprietary software (it a FOSS thing). It will ask when you install if you want to use restricted software. Mint ships with this software and works better out of the box.

There are distros made for just about anything. If you have an older computer, there are distros for old computers. If this is the case I suggest to not use KDE but one made for older or slower computers. Like LXDE (You can download Mint with LXDE). There are distros for media production, scientists, educators, security, privacy, embedded, etc.... Heck, you can even put Linux on your router, mp3 player, tv, and other devices.

Here are some others:
http://distrowatch.com/search.php?category=Beginners

What Norton Antivirus product should I buy for protecting 6 server machines running windows 2003?
Q. I'd rather run Linux but.. some government people, probably don't know much about computers at all, are forcing us to use Windows.

They want Norton protecting all of them, despite only two of the machines being externally visible.

A. There is a corporate version of Norton Antivirus that has a much smaller memory/cpu usage footprint than the normal retail versions. Its just Symantec Antivirus 11.0. However, they now call it Symantec Endpoint Protection. I'd go with that to keep it simple.



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How do I set up a central media library for my home?

Q. How do I set up a central media library from which I can access iTunes, DVR hard drive and the Internet from any TV in my house?

Need/Want:
1-Access iTunes from anywhere, wirelessly (all our music in on a separate driveânot NAS though)
2-Access the Internet from any of my TVâs with a mainstream browser
3-Need to have DVR capabilities, ideally centralized and accessible from all TVs
4-Wirelessly project sound to multiple speakers

I have looked into Apple TV and Sonos, but neither fill all these criteria. I am open to multiple devices, or custom configuration of dedicated PCs to do this.

I appreciate your suggestions.

A. The companies listed below are a few of the leading producers and developers which offer a variety of products and software for media center/server applications that may meet your needs. I apologize that I am unable to provide you with information that specifically addresses your needs but hopefully you'll find a solution using the resources listed below.

Niveus Media
http://www.niveusmedia.com

CodexNovus
http://www.codexnovus.com

NuVo Technologies
http://www.nuvotechnologies.com

Superna
http://www.supernasystems.com
Superna Media Server
http://www.supernasystems.com/products/software/media_server/

Cortexa Technology
http://www.cortexatechnology.com

Exceptional Innovation
http://www.exceptionalinnovation.com

TwonkyVision MediaServer
http://www.twonkyvision.de

Allegro Media Server - UPnP Media Server
http://www.allegrosoft.com/ams.html

Axonix
http://www.axonix.com

Embedded Automation
http://www.embeddedautomation.com
Embedded Automation's analysis of the Windows Home Server* beta
http://www.embeddedautomation.com/forum/showthread.php?t=334

Crestron Electronics
http://www.crestron.com

Audio Design Associates
http://www.ada.net

Russound
http://www.russound.com

Niles Audio - IntelliControl ICS
http://www.intellicontrol.com

Audioaccess (Harman International Industries)
http://www.audioaccess.com

ReQuest
http://www.request.com

HomeLogic
http://www.homelogic.com

Savant Systems
Linux-based, open architecture, home control and automation systems.
http://www.savantav.com

Linux Home Automation
http://www.linuxha.com

Microsoft Windows Media
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/default.mspx
Windows Media Connect
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/devices/wmconnect/default.aspx

*Microsoft Windows Home Server
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/winfamily/windowshomeserver/default.mspx

Windows Media Center and Media Center Extender
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/winfamily/mediacenter/default.mspx
Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/mediacenter/default.mspx
Windows Vista Help - Using Windows Media Center
http://windowshelp.microsoft.com/Windows/en-US/Help/c426ea35-ea47-4ee3-8f73-7ee4b0bd7de31033.mspx

HP Digital Entertainment Centers (DECs)
http://h71036.www7.hp.com/hho/cache/309484-0-0-225-121.html
HP MediaSmart Server
http://h71036.www7.hp.com/hho/cache/447351-0-0-225-121.html
 

What is the difference between Windows and Linux Servers?
Q. In not too technical terms - what is the difference between thse two? If I were to use .net nuke , is there a perference over which server I should use?

A. Wow! This is a question that pops up all over the web, and one that I had myself as a web services person. You can read a lot about the differences - as well as the advantages of one over the other. In the sources area, I've listed several such discussions and articles, including the last item which is a lengthy discussion in a Wikipedia article on the subject. In terms of finding something non-technical, I would recommend the first site.

The article from AskWebHosting.com states the following about using .net: "If you intend to create your site using ASP, FrontPage, the .NET environment, Windows Streaming Media, Access, MSSQL, or any of the other Microsoft proprietary technologies then you probably need to use a Windows host. There is limited support for a number of these technologies in Linux, but they can be expensive and are usually lacking in features."

But you're talking about using DotNetNuke, which is an open source answer to .NET. As such, it may not matter at all, from that standpoint, which option you choose.

I hope that these sources are helpful!

Librarians--Ask Us, We Answer!
This question was answered by Sarah Houghton-Jan, Web Services Librarian at Californiaâs San Mateo County Library (www.smcl.org). To get instant-answers, contact your local library. Find yours at http://lists.webjunction.org/libweb/Public_main.html. Many library websites offer live browser-based chat reference 24/7 (http://liswiki.org/wiki/List_of_libraries_providing_virtual_reference_services) and/or instant messaging chat reference (http://www.libsuccess.org/index.php?title=Libraries_Using_IM_Reference).

What is the common place to mount a network drive in linux.?
Q. I have a Ubuntu server that I hope to use to share files to my roommates using Samba. I know I can mount the drive anywhere and then share it but is there a common place that it shold be mounted?

A. With Ubuntu most drives (other than the obvious /, /boot, /home, etc.) are mounted under /media, but it really doesn't matter.



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What is the linux command to list every file on the computer ?

Q. I know in DOS you do dir /s for the entire system. What is the linux equivalent ?

A. ls -Ra /

That is LiSt Recursively All files starting with / (the top level).

Where can I find some very good linux software?
Q. I downloaded linux ubuntu as a second OS next to windows, I coudn't find any software for it, whre can i find some good software.

A. Ubuntu comes packed with a variety of free soft-wares already. Check in the 'Applications' on your top left-hand side.

If you want to install additional soft-wares, use the synaptic package manager (System > Administration > Synaptic Package Manager) click 'Reload' for synaptic to get the latest updates. Then type in the keywords or name of the software you want into the search bar, it will filter out, right-click on what you want to install and choose 'mark for installation', click 'Apply' to proceed

How do I find the access point of some one who is accessing my lap top with a home computer?
Q. I bought the lap top from this person who is very controlive,I connect to internet through a wireless conection.Is there some way for him to still have controling cradentials under administrater controls that are hidden

A. I have no idea what you want, but the answer here is Yes. He could have a remote "assistance" program on the computer. If you want to make sure nothing funny is happening, it is best to consider simply reformatting the computer. If the person you bought the laptop from did not include the OS cd, you should confront them about it. Or use Linux, whatever. I heard Ubuntu was nice, though I've only used Whoppix.



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How to transfer folder from Mac to unix server?

Q. I am running OSX and using Terminal to ssh connect to a remote unix server. I need to transfer a folder containing files from my Mac to my account on the unix server. Should I sftp or stay in ssh? What commands do I use to transfer the folder? Any help would be appreciated.

A. You can use either sftp or scp.

sftp is an interactive session, similar to the following:

you@OSX $ sftp user@unix_server

sftp> cd <target_dir>

sftp> put <directory_to_be_copied_to_unix>

sftp> exit


Alternatively, you can use scp to copy the files from OSX to Unix server

you@OSX $ scp -rp <directory_to_be_copied> user@unix_server:/<destination_folder>

How do i send a file from unix to windows server using ftp or windoes ?
Q. How do i send a file from unix to windows server using ftp or windows ?

A. You provided very little information.

If you can FTP then I assume both computers have an internet connection.

Simply upload to the FTP site with Unix and download with Windows.

Did you know that Internet Explorer has a built-in FTP client?

It works just like an Explorer window. Just copy and paste or drag and drop.

If you don't have a good FTP location, you can transfer large files with YouSendIt.com.

OK?

How often is Unix used in the industy?
Q. I am a bachelor's student and I am learning Unix this semester. I was wondering how often will I be using Unix in my career? Languages like Java are used a lot. How often is Unix used?

A. Alright Unix and all the wonderful *nixes
1) you work for Apple you work with Unix
2) You work with large distributed Servers and systems
you work with Linux or Unix
3) You work in Western Europe: UK, Ireland, France, Germany (yeah I know its central but it is very Western)
You work with Unix or a *nix in server development and some of the time in a regular desktop
4) You work in the USA for a school/College you run a *nix
5) you work with a business in the USA, China, India, ect or very small businesses with basic computer functions you use in the business not necessarily on the server but most of the time with: Windows



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How to create and boot windows or linux on my 1gb usb?

Q. How to create and boot windows or linux on netbook using USB flash drive?

A. unetbootin

Is it possible to put Windows XP or Vista onto a Linux netbook?
Q. Is it possible? I don't really want Linux, as I'm much more familiar with windows. How much would it cost?

A. first, look at the specs. if the HHD or SSD is small, you might be able to pull it off, but consider an external SSD or a high-capacity flash drive. Also, does it have an optical drive? if not, you would need an external one and it has to have some form of BIOS. (the thingy that loads before the OS). If the netbook meets all these, it might give you the option to boot from other sources. Press it and boot from the windows installation CD. Choose the highest capacity device that you can install it on. (With a netbook, you could probably do XP, but vista NO WAY!!!) Good luck! =D

Mount network drive on Linpus Linux Netbook?
Q. Is there easy way (for a complete linux newbie) to mount network drive on linpus linux netbook? I don't even know how to enter the commands on linpus linux although I have lots of experience on WIndows systems. TIA for your help.

A. Linux can read and write to most file formats. There are several ways to do this
The below assumes you have set up network security properly and have access rights to the drive

From the command line:

use the mount command

mount -t (type) device) (dir)
where type is the type of device the drive is
device is what the device is
dir is what the root director is

hint enter man mount at the command line to see the manual pages for the mount command for a fuller explanation and for correct syntax

On a GUI

Use the GUI to navigate the network to the drive you want to access
right mouse on the drive
mount the drive

Wish I could be more help, but I'm not sure what distro you are running

Good Luck and Welcome to Linux



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